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The Assyrian genocide (also known as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'', ("Sword")) or ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia (by Ottoman troops)〔〔 during the First World War, in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides.〔Travis, Hannibal. ''Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan''. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2010, 2007, pp. 237–77, 293–294.〕〔Khosoreva, Anahit. "The Assyrian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire and Adjacent Territories" in ''The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies''. Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2007, pp. 267–274. ISBN 1-4128-0619-4.〕 The Assyrian civilian population of upper Mesopotamia (the Tur Abdin region, the Hakkâri, Van, and Siirt provinces of present-day southeastern Turkey, and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran) was forcibly relocated and massacred by the Muslim Ottoman (Turkish) army, together with other armed and allied Muslim peoples, including Kurds, Chechens and Circassians, between 1914 and 1920, with further attacks on unarmed fleeing civilians conducted by local Arab militias.〔 The Assyrian genocide took place in the same context as the Armenian and Greek genocides.〔Schaller, Dominik J. and Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008) "Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies." ''Journal of Genocide Research'', 10:1, pp. 7–14.〕 Since the Assyrian genocide took place within the context of the much more widespread Armenian genocide, scholarship treating it as a separate event is scarce, with the exceptions of the works of David Gaunt and Hannibal Travis,〔 who have classified the genocide as a systematic campaign by the Young Turk government. Other scholars, such as Hilmar Kaiser, Donald Bloxham and Taner Akçam have differing opinions with regards to the extent of governmental involvement and systematic nature of the genocide, asserting a less systematic policy and different treatment in comparison to the Armenians. Unlike the Armenians, there were no orders to deport Assyrians. The attacks against them were not of standardized nature and incorporated various methods of massacre; in some cities, all Assyrian men were slain and the others were forced to flee. These massacres were often carried out upon the initiatives of local politicians and Kurdish tribes, and Assyrian collaboration with Russians prompted some of them. Exposure, disease and starvation during the flight of Assyrians increased the death toll, and women were subjected to widespread sexual abuse in some areas. Estimates on the overall death toll have varied. Providing detailed statistics of the various estimates of the Churches' population after the genocide, David Gaunt accepts the figure of 275,000 deaths as reported by the Assyrian delegation at the Treaty of Lausanne and ventures that the death toll would be around 300,000 because of uncounted Assyrian-inhabited areas, leading to the elimination of half of the Assyrian nation.〔David Gaunt, ("The Assyrian Genocide of 1915" ), ''Assyrian Genocide Research Center'', 2009〕 Rudolph Rummel gives the number of Christian deaths in Assyrian-populated regions of Turkey as 102,000 and adds to this the killing of around 47,000 Assyrians in Persia. In 2007, the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) reached a consensus that "the Ottoman campaign against Christian minorities of the Empire between 1914 and 1923 constituted a genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Pontian and Anatolian Greeks.〔(Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian Greek Genocides. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 2010-02-02 ).〕 The IAGS referred to the work of Gaunt and Travis in passing this resolution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Notes on the Genocides of Christian Populations of the Ottoman Empire )〕 Gregory Stanton, the President of the IAGS in 2007–2008 and the founder of Genocide Watch, endorsed the "repudiation by the world's leading genocide scholars of the Turkish government's ninety-year denial of the Ottoman Empire's genocides against its Christian populations, including Assyrians, Greeks, and Armenians."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GPN Website > Home > GPN ISSUES > Special Issue 5, Winter 2011 )〕 ==Terminology== The Assyrian genocide is sometimes also referred to as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'' in English language sources, based on the modern Assyrian (Mesopotamian neo-Aramaic) designation ''Saypā'' (), "sword", pronounced as ''Seyfo'', and as ''Sayfo'' in the Western dialect (the term abbreviates ''shato d'sayfo'' "year of the sword"). The Assyrian name ' (), which literally means "killing of the Assyrian people", is used by some groups to describe these events. The word ''Qṭolamo'' () which means ''Genocide'' is also used in Assyrian diaspora media. The term used in Turkish media is ''Süryani Soykırımı''. In countries where significant Assyrian diaspora communities exist, the designation "Assyrian" has become controversial, notably in Germany and Sweden, alternative terms such as ''Assyriska/syrianska/kaldeiska folkmordet'' "Assyrian/Syriac/Chaldean genocide" are employed. Nestorians, Syrians, Syriacs, and Chaldeans were names imposed by Western missionaries such as the Catholics and Protestants on the Ottoman and Persian Assyrians. The Greek, Persian, and Arab rulers of occupied Assyria, as well as Chaldean and Syrian Orthodox patriarchs, priests, and monks, and Armenian, British, and French laypeople, called them all Assyrians.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Assyrian genocide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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